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Over 10 years of clinical studies have shown K-PAX is a high quality nutritional supplement specifically developed to support your body to deal with challenging medical conditions that benefit from aggressive nutritional support.

By using K-PAX your body can increase its energy and strength. The immune system utilizes the energy and strength to recover from things like chronic diseases, recurring infections and weight loss.

K-PAX contains all the essential amino acids, an abundant supply of micronutrients plus a high-quality protein blend of organic fruits and vegetables with high antioxidant properties to thoroughly nourish your body.

Who can benefit from K-Pax?

The people who may benefit most from aggressive nutritional support include those who:

• Have chronic illnesses such as: Cancer, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Hepatitis
• Are prone to frequent Infections such as: HIV, AIDS
• Are elderly and have many difficult health challenges
• Are on strong medications struggling to balance their health
• Feel constantly tired and fatigued
• Wrestle with either obesity or weight loss
• Are interested in improving their immune system

NOTE: *These statements have not been evaluated by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency or the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

What exactly is in K-PAX and how can it help me?

Antioxidants:

• In cases where the immune system may be weakened, such as a viral infection, oxidative stress occurs. Antioxidants play a large role in helping the body strengthen immune health.
• Antioxidants are a safe and effective way to support the body to reduce oxidative stress and improve health.
• Studies have shown the body's antioxidants can also lead to a reduction in symptoms and can result in fewer days with symptoms.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine:

• In vivo and in vitro studies show acetyl-L carnitine helps the body decrease the apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 cells. (Ref. 1)
• Acetyl-L-Carnitine levels are then supported by the body to lessen symptoms in those with poor immune health such as in the case of chronic fatigue syndrome and AIDS. (Ref. 2,3 )
• As we age, oxidative damage to mitochondria occurs. Acetyl-L-Carnitine increases the body's cellular ATP production, and has been found in combination with lipoic acid to lower oxidative stress in animal studies. (Ref. 4,5)

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (and Glutathione):

• Supplemental glutathione is not well absorbed in the body and cannot be absorbed by T-cells. NAC has been used/shown to increase glutathione levels in the body, and may also directly help the body improve cellular immunity itself. (Ref. 3,6)
• Often times those with immunodeficiencies have lower levels of glutathione. Studies have shown the body's reduction in glutathione by 10-40% can inhibit T-cell activation in vitro. (Ref.7)
• Studies done in cases of immune deficiency, have shown the body's production of NAC to be an effective antiviral agent and antioxidant, acting on many different levels. (Ref. 8,9,10,11)

Lipoic Acid:

• The body's lipoic acid is used as a potent antioxidant, capable of restoring other antioxidants such as ascorbate, tocopherol, and glutathione.
• A Hepatitis C infection is followed by a weakened immune response and oxidative stress, leading to liver damage and other symptoms. Studies using the resulting lipoic acid along with other antioxidants such as ascorbate, silymarin, and tocopherols, found those receiving the antioxidant treatment had quicker recovery times and an improvement in liver enzymes. (Ref. 12,13)

L-Glutamic Acid:

• L-glutamine is a readily abundant amino acid made in the body. When times of high stress occur, the body may not be able to meet its glutamine demand. Glutamine is the primary source of energy for lymphocytes, macrophages, and enterocytes in the small intestine. (Ref. 3)
• Glutamine has been found to be an immune booster in those undergoing surgery, chemotherapy and irradiation. (Ref. 14,15,16,17)
• Glutamine is thought to increase immune health by maintaining gut barrier function and enhancing T-cell function. (Ref. 16,17)
• Currently, a trial is underway to determine if the body's production of glutamine and other antioxidant therapy is effective at reducing deaths due to oxidative stress in critically-ill patients.18

Micronutrients:

• It is well known micronutrients play an important part in immune health. When the immune system is stressed or weak, micronutrients produced by the body have been shown to be beneficial in recovery times and cell functions, taken prophalactily micronutrients can help strengthen the immune system, lessening the chance for illness. While the mechanisms of each micronutrient are complex and some not widely understood, micronutrient therapy has been used in main stream medicine and continues to be studied.
• 51 critically ill patients were given either 50 mg or 100 mg of vitamin B6 or placebo. Those receiving the vitamin B6 saw increases in T-lymphocyte and T-helper cell numbers and the percentage of T-suppressor cell significantly increased. No significant changes were found in the placebo group. (Ref. 19)
• Selenium production by the body is used is for the functioning of neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, T cells and other immune mechanisms. (Ref. 20,21,22)
• Low levels of zinc have been found in those with immunodefiencies. Supplementation with zinc for one to two months has been able to help the body restore immune responses and decrease infections. (Ref. 21)
• Vitamin A can act directly through the body's functions in the metabolism of certain immune cells. Antibody mediated immunity has been found to be impaired with vitamin A deficiency. (Ref. 22)
• Vitamin C is found in high concentrations in leukocystes and used quickly during an infection. One study found a high dose of vitamin C was able to increase the body's NK activity. (Ref. 22)
• Vitamin E deficiencies results in free radical induced damage to red blood cells. Vitamin E has been shown to increase the body's CD4/CD8 ratio and enhance T-cell proliferation in healthy individuals. (Ref. 22)
• Vitamin D has been found to modulate T-cell responses. In vitro, vitamin D was found to have some effects on lymphocyte function in the body as well. (Ref. 23)

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How much should I use?

For best results, we always recommend you consult your physician or health practitioner for your individual use. The following are general guidlines.

RECOMMENDED DOSE:

Capsules:

For optimal support for your body, take with food and observe these dosing guidelines:

To Maintain your current health status:

• Weight <120 lbs, take 4 capsules 1 time per day.
• Weight >120 lb, take 8 capsules 1 time per day.

To Improve your current health status:

• Weight <120 lbs, take 4 capsules 2 times per day.
• Weight >120 lbs, take 8 capsules 2 times per day.

View supplement facts. Must have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed. Install FREE now.

Powder:

Mix 1 rounded scoop in 8 oz. of water or your favorite fruit juice. Stir to mix or shake in a closed container with ice. Dilute with water if desired.

May also be mixed with yogurt, pudding, apple sauce, and blender drinks.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Class 1. If you are pregnant or nursing consult your health care provider before taking this product.

This product contains the following potential allergen: Soy.

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What references did you use?

The following references were provided by Ortho Molecular Products, the manufacturer of K-PAX.

1. Di, M.L.; Moretti, S. et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine administration increases insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects: correlation with its suppressive effect on lymphocyte apoptosis and ceramide generation. Clin Immunol. 1999; 92(1):103-110.

2. Vermeulen, R.C. and Scholte, H.R. Azithromycin in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), an analysis of clinical data. J Transl Med. 2006; 4:34

3. Patrick, L. Nutrients and HIV: part three - N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, L-glutamine, and L-carnitine. Altern Med Rev. 2000; 5(4):290-305.

4. Shigenaga, M.K.; Hagen, T.M.; and Ames, B.N. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91(23):10771-10778.

5. Hagen, T.M.; Liu, J. et al. Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99(4):1870-1875.

6. De Rosa, S.C.; Zaretsky, M.D. et al. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000; 30(10):915-929.

7. Staal, F.J.; Roederer, M. et al. Intracellular thiols regulate activation of nuclear factor kappa B and transcription of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87(24):9943-9947.

8. Grandjean, E.M.; Berthet, P. et al. Efficacy of oral long-term N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchopulmonary disease: a meta-analysis of published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Clin Ther. 2000; 22(2):209-221.

9. Gunduz, H.; Karabay, O. et al. N-acetyl cysteine therapy in acute viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003; 9(12):2698-2700.

10. Garozzo, A.; Tempera, G. et al. N-acetylcysteine synergizes with oseltamivir in protecting mice from lethal influenza infection. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007; 20(2):349-354.

11. Ghezzi, P. and Ungheri, D. Synergistic combination of N-acetylcysteine and ribavirin to protect from lethal influenza viral infection in a mouse model. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2004; 17(1):99-102.

12. Berkson, B.M. A conservative triple antioxidant approach to the treatment of hepatitis C. Combination of alpha lipoic acid (thioctic acid), silymarin, and selenium: three case histories. Med Klin (Munich). 1999; 94 Suppl 3:84-89.

13. Melhem, A.; Stern, M. et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection via antioxidants: results of a phase I clinical trial. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005; 39(8):737-742.

14. Wang, W.S.; Lin, J.K. et al. Oral glutamine is effective for preventing oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in colorectal cancer patients. Oncologist. 2007; 12(3):312-319.

15. Zheng, Y.M.; Li, F. et al. Glutamine dipeptide for parenteral nutrition in abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(46):7537-7541.

16. O'Riordain, M.G.; De, B.A.; and Fearon, K.C. Effect of glutamine on immune function in the surgical patient. Nutrition. 1996; 12(11-12 Suppl):S82-S84.

17. O'Riordain, M.G.; Fearon, K.C. et al. Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition enhances T-lymphocyte response in surgical patients undergoing colorectal resection. Ann Surg. 1994; 220(2):212-221.

18. Heyland, D.K.; Dhaliwal, R. et al. REducing Deaths due to OXidative Stress (The REDOXS Study): Rationale and study design for a randomized trial of glutamine and antioxidant supplementation in critically-ill patients. Proc Nutr Soc. 2006; 65(3):250-263.

19. Cheng, C.H.; Chang, S.J. et al. Vitamin B6 supplementation increases immune responses in critically ill patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006; 60(10):1207-1213.

20. Kidd, P. Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease. Altern Med Rev. 2003; 8(3):223-246.

21. Ferencik, M. and Ebringer, L. Modulatory effects of selenium and zinc on the immune system. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2003; 48(3):417-426.

22. Field, C.J.; Johnson, I.R.; and Schley, P.D. Nutrients and their role in host resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol. 2002; 71(1):16-32.

23. Adams, J.S.; Liu, P. et al. Vitamin D in Defense of the Human Immune Response. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; information for health care professionals only

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